The Use of Tourniquets in First Aid: What You Need to Know

Severe bleeding is one of the most life-threatening medical emergencies. A person can bleed to death in just a few minutes if bleeding isn’t controlled. In most cases, direct pressure with a bandage or dressing is the first and most effective way to stop bleeding. However, when bleeding is severe and pressure alone is not enough, a tourniquet can be a lifesaving tool.

What is a Tourniquet?

A tourniquet is a device that applies pressure to a limb to stop blood flow to an injury. Typically made of a strong band with a windlass (a tightening mechanism), tourniquets are designed to be placed around an arm or leg above the site of heavy bleeding. They temporarily block blood flow, giving first aid providers time until emergency medical services arrive.

When to Use a Tourniquet

Tourniquets should only be used for severe, life-threatening bleeding when:

• Direct pressure and bandaging are not enough to control the bleeding.

• The bleeding is from a limb (they should not be used on the head, neck, or torso).

• Emergency medical help is not immediately available, and bleeding cannot be managed by other means.

Situations that may require a tourniquet include serious workplace accidents, vehicle crashes, or injuries caused by sharp objects or machinery.

How to Apply a Tourniquet

If you need to use a tourniquet:

1. Place it 1–2 inches above the wound on the limb. If the wound is near a joint, place it above

   the joint.

2. Tighten until bleeding stops and secure the windlass.

3. Record the time of application. Medical professionals need this information to reduce complications.

4. Do not remove the tourniquet yourself. Wait for trained medical responders.

Risks and Misconceptions

Tourniquets have a reputation for causing permanent damage, but modern research shows they are safe when used properly. In fact, avoiding their use in emergencies can cost lives. Complications are possible if left on for several hours, but in a true emergency, saving a life takes priority over the risk of limb damage.

The Importance of Training

While it’s possible for an untrained person to use a tourniquet in an emergency, proper first aid training greatly improves confidence and effectiveness. Many first aid courses now include training on tourniquet use alongside other bleeding control techniques.

Final Thoughts

Tourniquets are not meant for everyday injuries, but in severe bleeding emergencies they can make the difference between life and death. Knowing when and how to use one is an important skill for both workplaces and the general public.

At Sospita, we provide first aid training that covers bleeding control, including tourniquet use, so you can be prepared to act with confidence in an emergency. To register for a course, visit www.sospita.ca/events